This interactive diagram traces how human activities lead to environmental pressures and the management measures used to address them.
Select a pathway to animate the sequence from activity to measure and view the corresponding steps in the panel.
The diagram represents a hierarchical causal framework linking human activities to environmental pressures and the management measures designed to address them. From top to bottom, it traces how broad activity sectors (such as transport systems or tourism and leisure) lead to specific activities, which generate environmental pressures (for example the introduction of biological material, underwater noise, or injury to species). These pressures are further specified and linked to potential management responses, ranging from general categories of measures to specific operational actions such as ballast water inspection, vessel speed restrictions, or requirements for biofouling-free hulls.
Linear pathways represent single cause–effect chains from activity to measure. Cumulative pathways show multiple pressures or responses occurring simultaneously at the same stage, reflecting how real-world activities can generate several environmental pressures at once and require multiple management actions.